The use of a Smart Phones by people is on the rise. The increase in the number of people using Android and iPhones is an example of this Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The main consideration in clustering smart phones takes a bias on the operating system that runs the phone. These include: Symbian smart phones The symbian smart phones have a history dating 1998 during the merger between Psion software, Ericsson, Nokia and Motorola. Symbian was born as Psion software made decision to change its name during the merger. Nokia 9210 is the first smart phone to use the Symbian OS. Its main feature then is Bluetooth. The processing of symbian smart phones uses a thread like multi task operating system. The threads have nanokernels with nanothreards (Kuniavsky 2010 pp. 48). Android smart phones The main Android smart phones are Google nexus 5, Samsung galaxy S4 and S5, HTC phones, Motorola Moto X, Sony Xperia and LG electronics. Android smart phones have an open functionality that enables computer geeks to develop applications that can enable efficient utility of the gadget. They are millions of applications that Android smart phones have an access to in the Google play store. The applications peg on functionalities that include internet access, text messages, social connectivity, camera and making calls. We will write a custom essay sample on The use of a Smart Phones by people is on the rise. The increase in the number of people using Android and iPhones is an example of this or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The android infrastructure includes Linux kernel and SQL database. Though the library of Android is programmed using C++, calls in these phones is made using a Java interface. Windows mobile smart phones The main gadgets that use windows mobile OS are Nokia Lumia 525, Nokia Lumia 1020 and Nokia Asha 210. The windows mobile has up to five hundred features. The windows mobile smart phone has a metro interface with clear visibility of its screen. Blackberry smart phones What distinct blackberry is its push technology with swift email applications. These gadgets are the reserve of business executives since its inception in 2007. The distinct feature of the blackberry is its ability to synchronize over ten emails with outlook. Blackberry desktop manager and the personal information manager enable this. Different blackberry smart phones run with different operating systems. These include OS 4.2, 4.3, 4.5, 4.6 and 4.7. While OS 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7 allow the editing of Microsoft office documents, OS 4.2 and 4.3 only allow for viewing of the same documents. Advanced Blackberry smart phones are Pearl 8220 and Blackberry Bold. Q 3 Computing power is a measure of how fast a computer can perform any given operation. It defines how long it takes computer to execute. For example if everything done by computers can break into math then computing power is speed at which processor interprets any command you effect as a series of math problems (Talebi 2008, pp. 17).

Legalization of Same Sex Marriage in America - 821 Words

Legalization of Same Sex Marriage in America I do! The marriage of homosexual couples is a hot topic right now. Many politicians have changed their position from against homosexual marriage to for homosexual marriage. These politicians include Senator (Sen.) Rob Portman, former President Bill Clinton, and current President Barack Obama (Political flip-floppers, 2014). The federal and state governments need to support same sex marriages the same as they support opposite sex marriages. Legalization of same sex marriages legitimizes the couple’s equality in society, strengthens family health, and is an intrinsic right for all citizens. Equality, Stability, and Rights Same sex couples do not receive the same socio-economic benefits that opposite gender couples do when they get married. The socio-economic rights of pension benefits, hospital visitation, child support, affordable housing etc... are basic resources for a healthy marriage regardless of same-sex or opposite sex couples (Dinno Whitney, 2013). Currently in the United States (U.S.) 17 states plus the District of Columbia allow same-sex couples to marry, with four others allowing domestic partnerships or civil unions (Same sex marriage map, 2014). The states these same-sex couples are married in, are typically, the only state where their marriage rights are guaranteed. 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Opponents to same-sex marriage based solely on the use of the word â€Å"marriage† point out that â €Å"fromRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1309 Words   |  6 PagesSame-sex marriage; why is it even an issue in this era? To put it into perspective, almost 9 million Americans are identified as a homosexual, meaning this is not just a minor issue. Also, with our society making significant movements toward equality in recent decades both in gender and racial issues, one has to think about sexual equality in the United States. I will explain to the reader why we should legalize same-sex marriage, especially in terms of justice and the benefits our society receivesRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage1594 Words   |  7 PagesWhy The Nationwide Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage Will Greatly Benefit The Economy Same-sex marriage has been a long debated issue in the United States. 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A citizen who pays their taxes, serves their community and abides by the law should be afforded the same rights as any American. However, not all citizens are afforded equal rights. Lesbians, gays, bi-sexual, and transgender (LGBT) are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbians couples are denied the right to marry even if

Management Accounting Encompasses Planning

Question: Describe about the Management Accounting for Encompasses Planning. Answer: Review The article on An exploratory study of operational reasons to budget critically evaluates the significance of 10 probable operational reason to prepare budgets in organizations that encompasses planning, control as well as analysis of the efficacy of operations. The objective of the present article is also to examine whether the rolling forecasts might augment the overall outcomes that can be extracted from the budgetary planning, control as well as analysis (Adelina and Roxana, 2016). Critical Analysis Through proper examination and scrutiny of the two rationales, the current article helps in gaining deep insights into the continued use of the financial budgets in organizations keeping aside the criticisms (Sivabalan et al., 2009). The literature review presents the empirical evidences and the prior academic literature that helps in development of the proposition of the current study. The current article critically analyses the present a body of academic literature on focus of evaluation, operational budget reasons that includes the evaluation reasons, planning reasons and control reasons (Clinton White, 2012). In addition to this, the section on literature review also comprises of the core themes of the analysis associated budget criticisms that leads to the proposition that P1: Planning and control budget reasons are more important than evaluation budget reasons. Furthermore, the review of the literature on rolling forecasts leads to the propositions P2: Planning and control bud get reasons are regarded as more important for rolling forecasts than for annual budgets, P3: Evaluation budget reasons are regarded as more important for annual budgets than for rolling forecasts and P4: Rolling forecasts complement the annual budget. The current study uses the research methodology of a cross sectional mailed survey process of CPA qualified management accountants (Sivabalan et al., 2009). The present study also randomly selects 2400 respondents from the targeted population of 110000 CPA members. In entirety, 424 research respondents responded to the survey, indicating a unrefined response rate of around 17.7 per cent. The current study makes use of descriptive statistics that uses mean (maximum and minimum), median, skewness and standard deviation for evaluation of the significance of the budget reasons in both annual as well as rolling forecasts. Again, the study makes use of the independent sample t-test of variances in the mean significance scores of planning as well as control budget reasons in addition to staff evaluation, along with business unit evaluation reasons for all firms, large and small firms, listed and unlisted firms and manufacturing as well as service sector (Sivabalan et al., 2009). The study a lso uses statistical methods for understanding the one the more statistically more significant one among the controlling reasons and the budget reason for business evaluation for both annual and budget reason using the t statistic (DRURY, 2013). The outcomes of the independent sample t-test are essentially presented in the table 4 of the study. Thorough evaluation and interpretation of the data reveals the fact that the high means for practically the 10 budget causes specifies that there are wide range of uses to which different respondents employ budgets (Ezzamel et al., 2012). There are enough statistically significant variations between the staff evaluation cause and the four different planning and control causes and the present finding also shows consistent results across three different firms. The pattern of finding reflects strong support for the proposition 1 where the budgeting for planning as well as controlling causes have the greatest significance rather than the staff analysis cause. Based on the results, it can be ascertained that there are inadequate evidences for acceptance of the Proposition 2. Taken as a whole, the model mentions that there exist no significant differences between the planning as well as control budget causes for rolling forecasts and the corresponding annual budgets (Fullerton et al., 2014 ). As per Proposition 3 the evaluation budget causes can be of greater important for the particular annual budgets than the respective rolling forecasts (Groot Selto, 2013). Proposition 3 is rejected based on the results, since no association was discovered for the entire sample or even for five out of the six selected subsamples. Proposition 4 that examines whether rolling forecasts go together and harmonizes the annual budget can be supported. The examination using the frequency of rolling forecast users among different subsamples reveals the fact that there exists profuse use of the both the annual as well as rolling forecasts among respondents for the entire sample and across three different firms. Conclusion Critical analysis of the present article reveals the fact that there are 10 different operational budget causes that are assembled for the examination. However, there is a wide array of other limitations of the present study. Nevertheless, there might possibly be other reasons for the operational budget. Again, the variations in different budgetary controls that can arise out of the two different frameworks are not taken into consideration (Hope Fraser, 2013). In addition to this, the present study presupposes strong correlation between the significance of budget cause and its use in reality. However, the organizations that do not consider association between the variable might find the results of the present study inappropriate. Again, there exist many limitations related to the survey method that can be related to the interpretations of the questions of the survey by the targeted respondents of the study. The present study also employed outcomes from the specific independent sampl e t-tests that do not suppose equal variances to permit for the likelihood that data distribution might probably not be symmetrical. Article 2: Is the annual budget really dead? Review The rationale of the present article on Is the annual budget really dead? is to make an attempt to examine the overall legitimacy of the existing criticism that is currently labelled at the traditional annual budget by dealing with different chief financial officers along with controllers in large corporations (Ekholm Wallin, 2000). The current article uses an exploratory design for research and proposes five research questions that are investigated in the current segment. Critical Analysis However, the initial research question deals with the overall position of the annual budget currently as indicated by the frequency of reactions to every item provided on the scale (Hopper Bui, 2016). Again, the second research question concentrates on the probable association between the extent of conservatism that is between the conservative organizations as against the radical corporations and sheds light on the financial circumstances of the corporation. Consequently, the third research question deals with the application of the yearly budget or else the substitute system engaged by the respondent organization. Thereafter the fourth Research question deals with the degree to which respondents can agree or else differ with the fundamental claims that the critics have put forward. However, the fifth research question focuses on the behaviours as well as attitudes towards the rolling forecast. Again, the sub-division of this particular question deals with the probable association b etween the extent of conservatism as well as behaviours and attitudes towards the budget-rolling forecast (Ekholm Wallin 2000). The analysis of the research methodology reveals the fact that the present research article uses a postal survey questionnaire that comprises of 33 questions along with judgements as well as behavioural attitudes enumerated on the five point Likert scale. The questionnaire was distributed to 650 different Finnish companies recording a turnover of more than FIM100 million (Ekholm Wallin 2000). Overall, 168 questionnaires were returned registering a response rate of 25.8%. The present study has made use of different mathematical that is percentage and ratio and statistical techniques such as the Mann-Whitney U- Test for evaluation of the proposed research questions of the study. The study evaluates the mean ratings for both the conservative as well as the radical companies and thereafter the Mann-Whitney p values for different purposes (Ekholm Wallin 2000). Based on the results of the study, it can be hereby ascertained that the response to the question Is the annual budget really dead? is essentially negative (Ekholm Wallin 2000). The results of the Mann-Whitney Test reflect the fact that there exists significant variation between the responses of the two groups regarding the present status of the annual budget. Conclusion Largely, it conclusion it can be said that the annual budget have not yet become obsolete (Horngren et al., 2013). Nevertheless, the management of resources was the central part of management actions. The historical segment that is the traditional budget has lost many of its useful application. Due to this, the management of resources, adjustment of the budget cannot be very useful when it comes to managing mounting peripheral demands (Ekholm Wallin 2000). Article 3: New Ways of Setting Rewards: The Beyond Budgeting Model Review The current article on New Ways of Setting Rewards: The Beyond Budgeting Model intends to investigate certain principles that can facilitate leaders in averting different stipulations stated under the contract for rewarding and moving to a more lean as well as adaptive and at the same time ethical corporation (Hopper Bui, 2016). The current study presents the academic debate on various concepts of the rewarding system. The empirical evidences also illustrate the reason behind the failure of the traditional systems ("New Ways of Setting Rewards: The Beyond Budgeting Model", 2016). Critical Analysis The academic evidences represent that there are different devices that comprises of the financial incentives that can be employed to get the members of the staff to do something that they might probably not perform otherwise. This can be considered very different from making individuals willing to do something (Hope Fraser, 2013). The academic literature also mentions that majority of the incentive schemes distorts the behaviour of the management that in turn reflects a negative impact on the overall performance of the business ("New Ways of Setting Rewards: The Beyond Budgeting Model", 2016). Thereafter, the current segment also presents academic literature and evidences on Beyond Budgeting Model that suggests twelve different principles that can be derived from the prior experience of more than the twenty five corporations that in one way or the other can replace the particular traditional budgeting with a more flexible technique (Hope Fraser, 2013). In addition to this, there ar e different sub-principles that can offer a structure for enumerating a specific reward strategy that upholds the particular Beyond Budget Model. The sub principles include the grounding rewards on fixed performance agreements, evaluation and reward performance that is relative to the different peers, yardsticks as well as earlier periods (Ezzamel et al., 2012). Conclusion Therefore, it can be hereby ascertained that the sub principles also comprises of the policy to employ simple, clear and at the same time transparent process of enumeration, alignment of different rewards with the strategic organizational objectives as well as goals of the corporation (Fullerton et al., 2014). This process also includes rewarding the performance of the entire team, alignment of the rewards with different interdependent groups, motivation of the employees and making rewards that are both fair as well as inclusive ("New Ways of Setting Rewards: The Beyond Budgeting Model", 2016). Article 4: Paying People to Lie: the Truth about the Budgeting Process Review The objective of the present article is to critically evaluate the overall counterproductive influences related to the utilization of the budgets or else the targets in the process of performance enumeration as well as compensation procedures in a particular corporation. The primary rationale of the study is to elucidate the process how and the way managers in a corporation can avert the overall counter-productive cycle. Furthermore, the strategy of making payments to people based on the performance associates to a budget or else the target that compels individuals to game the overall system (Horngren et al., 2013). However, in doing so, the members of the staff of the organization, both the managers as well as the subordinates formulate the budgets by distorting facts and create the budgeting process of the fundamental unbiased information that is necessary to coordinate the actions of disparate sections of the corporation (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015). The members of the staff of the or ganization also game the apprehension of the budgets or else the targets and in the process, they destroy the overall value of the corporation (Khalifeh Sivabalan, 2014). The present article makes use of empirical evidences and a body of academic literature for the analysis of the concepts of tampering the budget reports. Critical Analysis The present study also carries out detailed analysis of the concept of tampering the budget or else the targets that directs the payment structure of the organization based on the evaluation of different case studies and thematic analysis. The empirical evidences provide a deep insight into the process of budgeting system, gaming the process of realisation of targets, gaming the process of setting the targets (Nasseri et al., 2016). In addition to this, the current segment also presents the procedures of averting and getting rid of the vicious cycle and restoration of the integrity by using the evaluation of the basic sources of the incentives used to game the entire process (Weimer Vining, 2015). In addition to this, the present section also presents the analysis of the root cause of the gaming problem, process of resolving the budget gaming problems, the costs of the entire budget gaming actions along with the significance of the stretching the objectives as well as the role of th e top level managers in the process of inspiring the lies. Conclusion Therefore, in conclusion, it can be hereby ascertained that the association between the pay and the performance needs to be a straight line and there need not be any kinks or non-linear association between the pay and the target performance of the members of the staff (managers) of the organization (Van der Stede, 2015). In case, if there exists no discontinuities between the association between the pay and the performance, the bonus does not depend on the target in any way (Webster, 2016). Therefore, the members of the staff of the organization might not have any monetary incentive to lie or conceal information. Furthermore, the academic literature also explains that different measures of the enumeration of the performance and the difficulties of handling without goals. In addition to this, the process also involves the process of restoration of the reality and the restoring integrity (Ward, 2012). Article 5: Beyond budgeting or budgeting reconsidered? A survey of North-American budgeting practice Review The present article reflects the fact that the budgets have historically played an important role in the process of controlling the management and this has currently been severely criticized. The current paper hereby explains in detail the outcomes of two different surveys that are conducted for mid to large sized North American corporations. This study is conducted for purpose of updating the literature on budgeting practice of North America and collecting different empirical evidences to analyze the criticisms and identifying strong inclinations or else patterns in the overall practice of budgeting (Libby Lindsay, 2010). Critical Analysis The present study uses a web based process of survey of different managers who are holding a senor position in organizations (medium to large in size). The target sample for the study comprises of 2583 CMA Canada members as well as 13712 IMA members (Libby Lindsay, 2010). However, the rate of response was 13.6%. The present study also employs the descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages, mean and median and many others) for evaluation of the responses of the survey respondents. Again, the study also makes analyses the use of the budgets for control. The analysis of the responses reveals the fact that the results mention that the traditional system of budgeting for controlling cannot be eliminated (Clinton White, 2012). Again, the analysis of the responses towards the value addition of the budgets replicates the fact that the majority of the corporations in the available sample are finding ways to acquire significant value from the process of budgeting (Adelina et al., 2016). However, there are several criticisms of the system of budgeting that can be analysed from the academic literature as well as practitioner literature. The primary criticisms of the process of budgeting are also analysed using different statistical as well as mathematical models. Therefore, the present article uses the process of correlation to analyse the association between the budgets and time for taken. The criticisms of budgeting include the time taken for the preparation of the budget, inadequate adaptability, and disconnection from the strategy of the firm, application of the budgets as fixed performance agreements (Libby Lindsay, 2010). In addition to this, the current study also evaluates different criticisms that are essentially tagged against the budgeting procedure the disadvantages of the same. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that the application of the fixed performance agreement is comparatively less prevalent that what is mentioned by BBRT or else the RAPM. In addition to this, different subjective considerations or else the allowances for diverse controllable incidence are frequently monitored in different organizations applying budget for the evaluation of the performance. The total time dedicated in the mean sampled North American corporation is significantly less than what other critics mention. Again, the majority of the selected sample organizations do not necessarily function in the uncertain environments. In the surveyed corporations, the entire process of budget is associated to the policy functioning (Libby Lindsay, 2010). Finally, the budgetary gaming behaviours are a problem in the sample corporations in both the nations even though the problems seems to be a lot more in the sampled business. References Adelina, D.P. and Roxana, S.M.M., 2016. Financial-Economic IndicatorsVectors of Budgetary Performance. Case Study Romania.Procedia Economics and Finance,39, pp.833-839. Clinton, B. D., White, L. R. (2012). Roles and practices in management accounting.Management Accounting,94(5), 37-43. DRURY, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. Ekholm, B. Wallin, J. (2000). Is the annual budget really dead?.European Accounting Review,9(4), 519-539. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638180020024007 Ezzamel, M., Robson, K., Stapleton, P. (2012). The logics of budgeting: Theorization and practice variation in the educational field.Accounting, organizations and society,37(5), 281-303. Fullerton, R. R., Kennedy, F. A., Widener, S. K. (2014). Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices.Journal of Operations Management,32(7), 414-428. Groot, T., Selto, F. (2013).Advanced management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Hope, J., Fraser, R. (2013).Beyond budgeting: how managers can break free from the annual performance trap. Harvard Business Press. Hopper, T., Bui, B. (2016). Has management accounting research been critical?.Management Accounting Research,31, 10-30. Horngren, C. T., Sundem, G. L., Schatzberg, J. O., Burgstahler, D. (2013).Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Jensen, M. (2003) Paying People to Lie: The Truth About the Budgeting Process.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.267651 Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015).Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Khalifeh, C. J., Sivabalan, P. (2014). An Experimental Study on the Effect of Budget Information on Balanced Scorecard Preparer Individual Learning.Australian Accounting Review,24(1), 39-52. Libby, T. Lindsay, R. (2010). Beyond budgeting or budgeting reconsidered? A survey of North-American budgeting practice.Management Accounting Research,21(1), 56-75. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2009.10.003 Nasseri, A., Yazdifar, H., Askarany, D. (2016). Management accounting education for the 21st Century firms.International Journal of Finance and Managerial Accounting,1(1), 75-77. New Ways of Setting Rewards: THE BEYOND BUDGETING MODEL. (2016).Connection.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 19 September 2016, from https://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/10899572/new-ways-setting-rewards-beyond-budgeting-model Sivabalan, P., Booth, P., Malmi, T., Brown, D. (2009). An exploratory study of operational reasons to budget.Accounting Finance,49(4), 849-871. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629x.2009.00305.x Van der Stede, W. A. (2015). Management accounting: Where from, where now, where to?.Journal of Management Accounting Research,27(1), 171-176. Ward, K. (2012).Strategic management accounting. Routledge. Webster, W. H. (2016). Accounting for managers. Weimer, D. L., Vining, A. R. (2015).Policy analysis: Concepts and practice. Routledge.

The Brain Computer Interface Psychology Essay Essay Example

The Brain Computer Interface Psychology Essay Essay A Brain-computer interface ( BCI ) is a communicating channel linking the encephalon to a computing machine or another electronic device.BCI represents a direct interface between the encephalon and a computing machine or any other system. BCI is a wide construct and comprehends any communicating between the encephalon and a machine in both waies: efficaciously opening a wholly new communicating channel without the usage of any peripheral nervous system or musculuss. In rule this communicating is thought to be two manner. But present twenty-four hours BCI is chiefly concentrating on communicating from the encephalon to the computing machine. To pass on in the other way, inputting information in to the encephalon, more thorough cognition is required refering the operation of the encephalon. From here on the focal point is on communicating straight from the encephalon to the computing machine. We will write a custom essay sample on The Brain Computer Interface Psychology Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Brain Computer Interface Psychology Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Brain Computer Interface Psychology Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Typically, the intellectual cerebral mantle is the country of involvement in the encephalon computing machine interface. The intellectual cerebral mantle is the country of the encephalon responsible for playing a cardinal function in memory, attending, perceptual consciousness, thought, linguistic communication, consciousness and motor map. The manner these BCI s work is proficient but can by and large works as follows. The electrode is placed in the country of the encephalon responsible for the coveted motor map. These electrode recognize encephalon moving ridges, that step the minute differences in electromotive forces across active nerve cells, and construe this as a signal. But in this construct we traveling to utilize the encephalon moving ridges through radio EEG. These signals are stored and so synthesized utilizing assorted complex transforms and run through a plan, typically something like Matlab or C++ . It is good known that the encephalon is an electrochemical organ ; research workers have peculated that a to the full working encephalon can bring forth every bit much as 10 Watts of electrical power. Other more conservative research workers calculate that if all 10 billion interconnected nervus cells discharged at one clip that a individual electrode placed on the human scalp would enter something like five millionths to 50 millionths of a V. Whenever artefacts are detected the affected part of the signal can be rejected. This can be a valid pre-processing measure and does non hold to be a job. However the job with canceling a specific piece of informations is that it can ensue in unusual anomalousnesss where the two pieces are connected. Second, EEG information in general is comparatively scarce. For that ground a better attack is to take the artefact from the EEG information. This goes one measure further than artifact rejection. For practical intents in an online system, it is unwanted to throw off every signal that is affected with an artefact. Recovering the signal with 100 % rightness is impossible ; it is merely unknown what the information would hold looked like without for case the oculus wink. For offline systems this is less critical, since it does non count if some bids are lost. In the online instance nevertheless, the user demands that every bid that is issued to the system is recognized and executed. The user does nt desire to maintain seeking infinitely for a good test. At first utilizing ICA algorithm extract Independent constituents ( ICs ) of each test so GA select the best and related ICs among the hole ICs. The proposed attack to the usage of GAs for Artifact remotion involves encoding a set of vitamin D, ICs as a binary twine of 500 elements, in which a 0 in the twine indicates that the corresponding IC is to be omitted, and a 1 that it is to be included. This coding strategy represents the presence or absence of a peculiar Intelligence community from the IC infinite. The length of chromosome equal to IC infinite dimensions. Then the selected ICs used as input informations for classifiers. This paper used the fittingness map shown below to unite the two footings: Like other communicating and control systems, BCI s have inputs, end products, and interlingual rendition algorithms that convert the former to the latter. BCI operation depends on the interaction of two adaptative accountants, the user s encephalon, which produces the input ( i.e. , the electrophysiological activity measured by the BCI system ) and the system itself, which translates that activity into end product ( i.e. , specific bids that act on the external universe ) . Successful BCI operation requires that the user get and keep a new accomplishment, a accomplishment that consists non of musculus control but instead of control of EEG or single-unit activity.

Free Essays on How Important Was The Renaissance

How important was the Renaissance? Just how important was the Renaissance? This period of â€Å"rebirth† changed the world for good. We can attribute a lot of advances in numerous fields to this period in history. So many of us now benefit form this spectacular time in history. It’s satisfying to learn about these new ideas and instruments and to know that they have changed the way we live. There are many important people that should be remembered and ideas that should be recognized and credited. As the renaissance got started there were some factors that enabled it to go on and become a strong period. The compass became a really important instrument. It made it easy to navigate and it became a basis for every great voyage, which turned into a remarkable and influential discovery. Maybe if it weren’t for this instrument the America’s would have never been discovered. Firearms were also were barely being introduced. They gave Europeans a great advantage over other cultures because the firearm was first introduced in Europe. Now they are what we rely on to control the world and has to some extent been efficient. The final factor that was beneficial to the renaissance was the printing press. This gave the humanists a way of spreading their new ideas. It also gave the chance to mass-produce important pieces of writings such as the Bible. After these inventions many new ones followed. The telescope was one of these and to this day it has had a great influence. We ha ve extracted from this invention ideas and inventions such as rockets, space probes, tremendous advances in astronomy, and even a way to send people to the moon. Along with the creation of these great instruments came a great change in art and architecture, literature, music, philosophy, and especially in science. Humanists showed a great interest in architecture. They considered it their duty to restore Rome. One of there most important restorations was the St. ... Free Essays on How Important Was The Renaissance Free Essays on How Important Was The Renaissance How important was the Renaissance? Just how important was the Renaissance? This period of â€Å"rebirth† changed the world for good. We can attribute a lot of advances in numerous fields to this period in history. So many of us now benefit form this spectacular time in history. It’s satisfying to learn about these new ideas and instruments and to know that they have changed the way we live. There are many important people that should be remembered and ideas that should be recognized and credited. As the renaissance got started there were some factors that enabled it to go on and become a strong period. The compass became a really important instrument. It made it easy to navigate and it became a basis for every great voyage, which turned into a remarkable and influential discovery. Maybe if it weren’t for this instrument the America’s would have never been discovered. Firearms were also were barely being introduced. They gave Europeans a great advantage over other cultures because the firearm was first introduced in Europe. Now they are what we rely on to control the world and has to some extent been efficient. The final factor that was beneficial to the renaissance was the printing press. This gave the humanists a way of spreading their new ideas. It also gave the chance to mass-produce important pieces of writings such as the Bible. After these inventions many new ones followed. The telescope was one of these and to this day it has had a great influence. We ha ve extracted from this invention ideas and inventions such as rockets, space probes, tremendous advances in astronomy, and even a way to send people to the moon. Along with the creation of these great instruments came a great change in art and architecture, literature, music, philosophy, and especially in science. Humanists showed a great interest in architecture. They considered it their duty to restore Rome. One of there most important restorations was the St. ...

HEALY Last Name Meaning and Origin

HEALY Last Name Meaning and Origin The popular Irish surname Healy, is a shortened form of OHealy, an anglicized form of one of the following: (1) the Gaelic surname  Ãƒâ€œ hÉilidhe, meaning descendant of the claimant, from the Gaelic  Ãƒ ©ilidhe, meaning claimant. The  Ãƒâ€œ hÉilidhe clan originated in  Connaught. (2) the Gaelic surname  Ãƒâ€œ hÉalaighthe, meaning descendant of  Ãƒâ€°aladhach, a given name likely derived from ealadhach, meaning ingenious. The  Ãƒâ€œ hÉalaighthe clan originated in Munster. Healy is now rarely found with the O prefix, such as OHealy, OHaly or OHely, all common forms of the surname up to the end of the seventeenth century. Healy may also be a geographical English surname for any of the places named  Healey (or variants such as Hayleg, Helei, Heley, Helagh, and Helay) found in Lancashire, Northumberland or Yorkshire.  The name means the high clearing or wood, derived from the Old English heah, meaning high and leah, meaning glade or clearing in a wood. Healy is one of  50 common Irish surnames  of modern Ireland, ranking forty-seventh on the list with a total Irish population of about 13,000.   Surname Origin:  Irish, English Alternate Surname Spellings: HEALEY, HEELEY, HEELY,  OHEALY, OHALY, OHELY, OHEALEY, HALY, HELY, HAILY Famous People with the Surname HEALY Mark Healy - American surferCecil Healy - Australian swimmerDermot Healy - Irish novelist, playwright, and poetJames Augustine Healy - first  African-American Roman Catholic bishop in the United StatesRoy Healy - American rocket scientistTimothy Michael Healy - Irish politician ​Genealogy Resources for the Surname HEALY World Names Surname Profiler - Distribution of the HEALY SurnameTrace the geography and distribution of the HEALY surname through this free online database. It is fairly common throughout Ireland, with the greatest concentrations found in western Ireland. HEALY Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Healy surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Healy surname query. FamilySearch - HEALY GenealogyExplore over 2 million results, including digitized records, database entries, and online family trees for the Healy surname and variants on the FREE FamilySearch website, courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HEALY Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Healy surname. DistantCousin.com - HEALY Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Healy. Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York:  Oxford University Press, 2003.MacLysaght, Edward.  Surnames of Ireland. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1989.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Market-Based Management Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market-Based Management Application - Essay Example Moreover, the principles encourage employees to learn from their failures and always think in terms of opportunity cost. Therefore, MBM entails learning how to understand and deal with the human nature and apply the concepts in an organization to ensure that the products or services are viewed positively by the customer since they satisfy their needs. This essay focuses on the concepts of Market Base Management (MBM), overview of Koch Industries and how the company implemented the MBM, MBM relates to Values Theory, challenges involved in implementing MBM and possible Solutions. Concepts of Market-based Management In companies, individuals possess varying knowledge regarding the operations of the company. Therefore, managers are required to learn how to manage the varying knowledge to enhance the performance of the company. Previously, most organizations focused on hiring competent managers since they believed that the persons would be capable of understanding the situation in the org anization and make plans that would apply to the diverse employees. However, this approach has been unsuccessful in most companies since they failed to realize that a single individual could not possess all the skills required for apposite management. On the contrary, the skills are dispersed amongst the various employees. Understanding this led Charles Koch to develop varying concepts that he combined to come up with the Market Based Management, which is opposed, to centralization of management (Gable, Elllig, & Ellig, 1993; Koch, 2007). The philosophy entails setting clear vision and incentives in an organization and measuring the performance of the employees, which results in establishment of an entrepreneur behavior in organizations. The decision making power is distributed amongst employees and individuals do not have to consult the managers or superiors while making minor decisions. However, the company has a clear vision and the employees are encouraged to ensure that their d ecisions aim at ensuring the company’s vision is realized. Since the employees understand what they are required to accomplish, have integrity, and expect some incentives from their efforts, they become focused towards achieving their goals, which are in line with the companies vision (Kratzer, 2000). The incentives aim at ensuring that employees are compensated for their works as well as the value they create for the organization. Moreover, the philosophy emphasizes on having appropriate measures to quantity the individual performance, on time delivery, asset performance, as well as performance of the entire organization. Furthermore, the philosophy highlights the role of market principles in an organization (Gable, Elllig, & Ellig, 1993; Kratzer, 2000). Overview of Koch Industries Recently, Forbes magazine ranked Kochs industries as the largest privately held company in the world. Koch industries is an American multinational and is involved in activities such as trading, in vestments and manufacturing, refining and distribution of products such as petroleum, and manufacture of chemicals energy, polymers, fertilizers, fiber, paper and pulp. Fred Koch co-founded the company with other partners in 1940 but his sons Charles Koch and David Koch currently run it. The company is the best example of how the MBM philosophies have been applies since the

Argument of Value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument of Value - Essay Example But, as the movie tries to portray, it never takes itself seriously. All the fun does not get lost owing to the apparent upheavals in the lives of the characters. There is a definitive degree of fresh air in the treatment of the main characters. From the very beginning, the viewer is drawn into the intricacies of the characters, their joys and life. Even in the deepest melancholy, there are streaks of hope and happiness. In that sense, this movie has veered away from the staple comedy movies which lack poignant humor, but cover it up with condescending laughter. The movie exposes the tumultuous underbelly of human emotions with a fine serving of humor. This movie is perched between a razor sharp psychological drama on one hand and comedy on another. The film has a very upbeat title, which suggests the likeliness of having a generic bent towards the creation of a happy atmosphere: that is not very serious. It has all the ingredients of a nice movie, with the creation of sequences that exude positive spirit. A hero who is full of faults, a heroine with very doubtful credentials, the Christmas streets, the snow flaked roads are a constant reminder of the impending festivities. Throw on top of that, a dance competition and a football game, the movie tries to cover all the bases for a happy Hollywood film. ... Robert De Niro has played a delicious role as the father, who is torn among different problems. He runs an illegal gambling racket out of his parlour. He has a very supportive mother, who keeps him company. However, he is supposed to stay away from his wife and has to visit a doctor. All of the characters are obsessed with something in their lives, with sports being a big obsession. There is a tradition of disruptive violence, as the crowd identifies the game with their identity. The father of the hero has been banned from appearing in the matches due to the bouts of rage, which were experienced while viewing the match. One of the central characters in the movie is a young widow called as Tiffany. She is a good looking woman who lives in the garage of her parent’s home. She is preparing for a dancing competition, with the help of the hero. They bond over a dinner and she agrees to help him reunite him with his wife. The strength of the film lies in the differential treatment b eing given to the generic comic situations. Although, there is a lot of pain in the lives of the characters, there is sense of joy that runs throughout the fabric of the film. There are a number of scenes that would be very difficult even in real lives, but the handling of the situations has rendered the scenes funny. Some of the examples of such scenes; as the fighting in the diner that spreads onto the street: and also among the crowd wearing the Halloween dress. The film goes over the edge at times, but never fails to maintain the humorous simplicity in the storyline. The narrative is contextual and also very relevant due to the essential foresight being provided into the human heart. The design of the story has been calibrated with a lot of alacrity, so as to incite the maximum level of

If the North Were the South, Same Thing Essay Example for Free

If the North Were the South, Same Thing Essay Ricardo Arjona is one of the most renowned Latin American singers. He is characterized for his socially conscious and heartfelt folk ballads and rock tunes. In addition, he also plays a variety of styles that combine traditional South American folk music with rock, hip-hop, and classical music, Arjona sings about subjects ranging from faded love to social inequities. In 1996, Arjona wrote the song “Si el Norte Fuera el Sur” (If the North were the South), in which he expresses a subjective, yet truthful point of view of what the North American culture is; and how it could change if we exchange places with the South. In this song, Arjona uses many literactully techniques such as irony and analogies; Arjona also adds a type of hardcore rock and an interesting use of the electric guitar. There are many literally elements that this song has, but the main element is the plot or theme of the song, which is pretty straight and to the point. “Si el Norte Fuera el Sur” (If the North were the South)Â’s main plot is a story of how the North could experience all the social struggles that the South Americans countries have to deal with, if as the songÂ’s title suggest “. “Si el Norte Fuera el Sur” (If the North were the South). The main plot is divided into three stages; the first stage is the introduction, in which Arjona gives a subjective opinion of what the North really is all about. Then, he moves to the second stage or the body of the song; during this stage Arjona mentions a series of well known North American personages and situations that help him establish his exchange of geography. Finally, the third stage or conclusion is when Arjona really say what the bottom line of all this is; the fact that nothing will really change. Ricardo Arjona is well known for the rich content of literally elements in his lyrics, especially for the touch of irony and analogies. “Con 18 eres un nià ±o para un trago en algun bar, pero ya eres todo un hombre pa la guerra y pa matar.” (With 18, you are only a boy for a drink in some bar, but you are already a man to go to war and to kill), this is a perfect example of an irony of living in the United States, in which at the age of 18 you cannot legally drink, yet you are allow to receive combat training to kill someone.  In the songÂ’s chorus, Arjona says “al diablo la geografia se acabaron las fronteras” (The hell with geography, there arenÂ’t any borders left), the truth is that borders still exist, but he wasnÂ’t talking about a literally border; Arjona used this analogy to tell us that we are the same and that our geographic position doesnÂ’t mean anything. Ricardo Arjona with his unique style and use of musical instrument; he has put a type of hardcore rock rhythm, which is use to make an impression in his listener. In this song, Arjona utilizes an electric guitar, and a trumpet, with the drums on the back. The rhythm started slow tempo, but strong as if he was upset with the ironies in the North. Then, the tempo began to run faster; the drums and the trumpet were sort of creating an atmosphere of excitement, it makes you feel as if you were a protestant of social inequalities. Finally, he concludes with a slow and heavy electric guitar melody, where he then stop for at least 3 seconds and concludes with the words “Si el Norte fuera el Sur, seria la misma porqueria, yo cantaria un rap y esta cancion no existiria.” (If the North were the South, it would have been the same crap, I would be singing a rap and this song wouldnÂ’t even exist). References http://www.satyamag.com/may03/carter-long.htmlhttp://www.answers.com/topic/ricardo-arjona

Mary Wollstoncrafts, The Vindication of the Rights of Women Essays

Mary Wollstoncraft's, The Vindication of the Rights of Women Mary Wollstoncraft's book, "The Vindication of the Rights of Women," is an incredibly insightful look into the life of women in the early portion of this century. It is a philosophical examination of the condition of women, in relationship to some very basic rights, and is also a very enlightening look at how short a distance we really have come, as a society, in relationship to our perceptions of women. Wollstoncraft presents herself as an incredibly enlightened individual who looks at her gender as a subject which should be seen as reasonable creatures, rather than brutes or heroines. She begins her book with words which clearly illustrate her concerns: "After considering the historic page, and viewing the living world with anxious solicitude, the most melancholy emotions of sorrowful indignation have depressed my spirits, and I have sighed when obliged to confess that either Nature has made a great difference between man and man, or that the civilization which has hitherto taken place in the world has been very partial. I have turned over various books written on the subject of education, and patiently observed the conduct of parents and the management of schools; but what has been the result?--a profound conviction that the neglected education of my fellow-creatures is the grand source of the misery I deplore, and that women, in particular, are rendered weak and wretched by a variety of concurring causes, originating from one hasty conclusion." From this excerpt we can clearly understand that Wollstoncraft is not merely venting anger and describing realities that are false. She is not necessarily angry or bitter about the realities she sees before her, but rather, is puzzled and seems determined to somehow understand what it is that causes the realities she sees. While there is the use of some negative words such as "weak" and "wretched," these are essentially words of the time and they only further the truth of what the author is witness to. Here is a woman who is of obvious intelligence who is witness to the misunderstanding that appears to follow all women around. She illustrates that women are denied the ability to openly obtain a useful education, but rather kept ignorant and put upon this undeniable pedestal that insists women do not need to possess such knowledge, for it would lik... ...ook and her attempt to get women to understand, is that women still do not understand the essential root of the problem. While women may be in a position today, where they obtain an education and maintain a very intellectual position, and perhaps even go so far as to find a mate that treats them equally, there are still millions of women who strive to be nothing more than a pretty picture for the men. How many women spend thousands of dollars to enlarge their breasts? Do they do that so they look better in general or do they do this to gain the attention of men, in a sexual and reproductive manner? In many ways, Wollstoncraft's is a story of yesterday and today. It is a philosophical approach to the inequality or the disrespect of men in relationship to women, as well as a look into how women see each other and their own gender. It is a very intelligent address on the subject of such realities. One wonders if Wollstoncraft was aware of how relevant her philosophical approach would be 70 years later. Upon reading her book, one would have to say that Wollstoncraft was intelligent enough to recognize that such realities would never change in such a relatively short period of time.

Community Insight Essay

Last December 20-21, 2013 we conducted a community immersion in Barangay 8a Upper Madapo hills Davao City. At first, I was very iffy about attending immersion. I didn’t see the entire point of attending something that didn’t seem to mean much to me, But as the days wore on during my immersion, I came to realize how blessed I was in life, how blessed I was to have grown up in such a safe and warm environment. With a loving family, and enough money to support my daily needs and education. During my immersion, I got to meet children who were only a few years younger than me, but who have endured much more in life than I ever have. They didn’t have the same resources that I have had to live a good lifestyle. The kids were very nice and friendly and cooperated with us when it came to the activities that we had prepared. We laid out activities for us and the children that were meant to be fun and social-oriented. At the end of those 2 days, I got to learn a lot about those children and the environment that they had been thrust into. At the end of it all, I am glad that I chose to attend the immersion. Though different from the other immersion sessions of other students I got to learn a lot about the community I was involved in. I can say that All our hard work and labor during the immersion had produced wonderful fruits and were just so happy that we made lot of children smile. Our experienced is Tiring yet FUN! This really was a worthwhile learning experience. A community, by definition, cannot be exclusive. In a community, everyone is tied by common bonds and chooses to look out for each other, not because it is convenient, but because it is right. A community is made of individuals, who are all equal in their humanity. Service has changed me by bringing me into contact with people who I would have not met otherwise and by amplifying my capacity to understand and empathize with others. I realized that Community Service is important for many reasons.I realized that It is A unique opportunity to use what was taught in class in a real-world setting, to Experience an increased cultural awareness and an appreciation for diversity. It is A great chance for us to network and build relationships. And it provides us with opportunities to use newly acquired skills and knowledge in real-life situations in the communities. My experience during the community immersion teaches a lot on me. I learned to become independent and face the responsibility being task on me. I learned to socialized with different people whatever there status in the society. And most important I learned how to respect life and thankful for what I have right now. The community immersion open my eyes to many things and reality and I will cherich this experience for it teaches me to become a better person. The community immersion that we conducted has taught me the value of learning not only from professors, but also from fellow classmates, partners in the community, and individuals, regardless of their age or educational background. It has also taught me to be an active member of our society. I realized that in doing community immersion, a person will find themselves and be exposed to the lifestyles of other people, which also tends to make them more aware of the needs of the less fortunate. the Moment when I joined the advanced immersion and went to Upper Madapo hill I consider it an integral aspect of my life. Taking part in community immersion on the community fosters a unique sense of charity and goodness. A feeling that not only benefits those in need, but also advances the self-worth and morality of an individual. My love for the environment also motivated when I joined the immersion. The rivers, fields, trees, animals – they can’t speak up when they need help. In our world, they often become damaged until someone notices. Community service to me, also means giving the earth a voice. Community service is not about logging hours proving that you are active or have paid your debt to society. It is about forming connections, lending yourself to something that is bigger than you, stepping outside of your comfort zone to understand the connection between self interest and common interest. In just a short time in our community immersion leaves us both feeling blessed. Doing Community service leaves me with a happiness that I haven’t been able to find anywhere else in my life. The knowledge that I have helped others brings me peace and satisfaction. It supplies me with a different perspective on life, one that I constantly need to be reminded of. It has opened my naive up to the fact that life is delicate and precious. There are so many aspects and complications to the world that my so-called problems are a tiny speck compared to the issues that community service has allowed me to understand. Community service is a way for me to grow and learn. My experiences have changed my life, and knowing that I have helped others is a wonderful gift. Community service shows us that the world is not the cold and inhumane place that many people consider it to be. Still community service goes beyond dedicating your time to help someone else, it’s dedicating your mind to others. It is seeing or hearing something that is upsetting and actually wanting to make a change. Many people see what is wrong in the world and try to change it with more money, or new programs, however that is not what the world needs. The world needs human compassion; it is the engine that keeps us going. More than money we need kindness, and nothing shows the true concern for those around more than dedicating your time to help them. I believe that the beauty of community service lies in its ability to connect us all closer together. My most memorable community service experience has been in Upper Madapo Hills. It is a useful, enjoyable, and powerful learning experience.

Descent from the Cross

In Rubens’ Descent from the Cross the element that makes the oil on canvas baroque in nature is that of the attention to detail. Rubens’ was contrary in his painting, which was a personal part of his artistry and not defined by the Baroque art period. His bodies in his paintings, though in action or even in repose were depicted although with muscles tone, the muscles seemed flaccid, as is the case in the above mentioned painting. The wounds of Christ are Baroque in their depiction because it is the opposite of what previous artistic movements has focused upon.There is the revelation of power in the gathering disciples and in the color palate being manipulated in the painting the subtle tones and the attention to chiaroscuro is what gives the painting a very Rubenesque feel. The viewer’s attention again is draw towards the bodies; albeit muscular, they are not showing signs of body fat, they are perfected in their grief, and in the area of opposites, this is what Rubens wanted to capture; the perfect body juxtaposed with very human emotions; the god body paired with humanity.In exact contrast to Rubens depiction of Christ’s flaccid yet toned body, Velazquez gives the viewer a Christ who hangs somber on the cross. His body is in classic Greek contrapposto; his body is aligned in an S-curve. The starkness of the painting; the black background, and the striking whiteness of Christ’s body adds to the power of the moment; the messiah on the cross. Rubens’ painting was chaotic with colors, but Velazquez shows restraint in this painting by allowing the moment, and the feeling transcend the painting, by toning down the colors. As opposed to Rubens’ Christ, Velazquez introduces the viewer to the bodies position on canvas.Rubens engaged other participants with Christs’ movement off the cross. Rubens has a similar piece which is depicting Christ being hoisted upon the cross. Velazquez on the other hand shows Christ so litary in the painting; he endures by himself, which is in itself a great contrast to the jumble of bodies prevalent in Rubens piece. Rubens also denoted a lot of muscle mass to Christ while Velazquez depicts his Christ more like a younger, realistic man; Velazquez makes his Christ human with human qualities and while Rubens portrays Christ bleeding the same human sentiment is not shown.Velazquez shows Christ himself grieving on the cross instead of Rubens’ painting where everyone but Christ is grieving and this is what makes Velazquez’s Christ human. Titian portrays Magdalene in somber tones, that are prevalent throughout the High Renaissance. The tones and colors used create a mood of reserved trepidation and the facial expression used is that of inquiry. This inquisitiveness is subtle in Titian’s art, but in certain facial expressions and through the use of color, the look of the characters becomes sometimes inquisitive, royal, or even pensive. The dark yet v ibrant colors employed by Titian exhibit a dreamlike state.The bodies contrapositions to one another serve to pair them, or in other Titian art, the sole character has body movements that puzzle together. What is typical in a Titian painting and Christ Appearing to the Magdalene is not exception, is the muted colors. The Rubens’ painting The Raising of the Cross is similar in fashion to Titian’s portrayal. Both use excellent color combinations to enhance the shadows in the paintings. The highlights on Christ’s body in Rubens’ painting is simply astonishing. The rest of the figures are clad in shadow, especially their faces.The curious counterpoint to this technique is that Titian uses shadow just as eloquently but with different results. Rubens’ shadows implore the viewer to judge the paintings, the scan the highlighted figure and question why the other figures are caste in shadow. Titian’s painting also begs the question of the shadows but his point is more clearly made; shadow is consistent with grief. If the viewer takes another glance of Rubens’ painting they will see that the shadowy figures’ faces are looking away from Christ in shame while one stares straight at him with wide-struck eyes as if not only in disbelief but in fear.Rubens was unique in incorporating foreground activity in his paintings. In The Raising of the Cross, there a dog in the foreground interested in the human activity (also, dogs are synonymous with loyalty; albeit, Rubens wanted to incorporate that idea with Christ). Rubens liked to have the human body in action in a specific setting, as has been the case for the previously analyzed Rubens painting. Rubens’ painting had an Italian influence with the male body. Just as Michelangelo depicted the male body in supreme example of humanity based after the Greek forms, so did Rubens want Christ to resemble those same perfected bodies.Titian’s painting does not do this, but instead, like Velazquez focuses on Christ’s humanity. Rubens had elements of other artists involved with his paintings such as the Caravaggio technique with light, making Christ the holder and light attraction in the paintings, highlighting his person and shadowing the rest. Also, the painting is a hubbub of activity which is reminiscent of Tintoretto’s busy canvases. The body’s of Rubens’ artwork seem to be bursting from the canvas, not only because of their muscle mass but the activity they are accomplishing and the fact that Rubens did not allow the edge of the canvas to dictate the end of action.One man’s body is cut off, lost to the edge of the canvas just as on the other side another man is constructed in similar fashion. This is not seen with Titian, even though he takes the body in asymmetric alignment with other points on the canvas. Rubens focuses his bodies in a diagonal axis in order to distribute action throughout the canvas. This is another point where Titian is different; his action does not give way for diagonals. Works Cited Sporre, Dennis. (2008). The Creative Impulse: An Introduction to the Arts. 8th edition. Prentice Hall.

When Is the April ACT Should You Take It

When Is the April ACT Should You Take It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're planning to take the ACT in the spring, you might be wondering: should you take the April ACT? Or will you be better off taking the ACT on a different test date? In this article, we cover everything you need to know about the April ACT, including when the exam is, whether your scores will get to your schools in time, and the pros and cons of taking the ACT in April. When Is the April ACT? The April ACT generally takes place on the second Saturday of the month. Below are the April ACT dates and deadlines for 2020, 2021, and 2022. The 2020 dates have all been confirmed by ACT, Inc., whereas the others are projections based on historical data: Test Date Registration Deadline Late Registration Deadline / Deadline for Changes Standby Request Deadline April 4, 2020 February 28, 2020 March 13, 2020 March 27, 2020 April 3, 2021 February 26, 2021 March 12, 2021 April 2, 2021 April 2, 2022 February 25, 2022 March 11, 2022 April 1, 2022 Source: ACT.org The ACT registration fees are $67 with the Writing section and $50.50 without the Writing section. The April ACT is offered in the US, US territories, and Canada, as well as internationally. Most students register for the April ACT by the normal registration deadline. If you register during the late registration period, you must pay an additional late registration fee of $30. If you miss both registration deadlines, you might still be able to take the ACT in April- as long as you sign up for standby testing by the standby deadline (which is normally eight days before the test date). Students on standby are admitted on a first-come, first-served basis. To request standby, you must pay both the regular registration fee and a $53 standby fee. (However, both of these fees will be refunded to you if you are denied admission on test day.) Once the standby deadline has passed, there is no way to take the April ACT, and you will have to select a different ACT test date. When Will April ACT Scores Be Released? Each year, April ACT scores are released to test takers online starting 10 days after test day and may continue to be released until as late as June. These dates are only for the multiple-choice scores and do not include your Writing score (which is separate from your composite score out of 36 points). If you opt for the essay, expect to receive your essay score approximately two weeks after your multiple-choice and composite ACT scores. Most test takers will receive their April ACT scores within two weeks after the test date. If your scores take longer to process, the delay might be due to potential problems such as testing irregularities, incorrect identification information, or outstanding registration fees. As for your colleges, when schools receive April ACT scores can vary significantly. ACT, Inc. will send your ACT scores to the colleges you chose during registration as soon as your official scores are released online, which usually happens in late April. However, some colleges don't process scores right away or as often as other schools do, so be sure to give your schools ample time to process your scores long before any of your college applications are due. For those who are taking the April ACT with Writing, your ACT scores will not be reported or sent to colleges until the essay has been graded as well. This means that most test takers will have to wait around a minimum of four weeks (two weeks for the multiple-choice scores and two extra weeks for the Writing score) until their official ACT scores are reported online and sent to their designated schools. Will Your April ACT Scores Get to Your Schools in Time? In a word, yes! Official ACT scores are reported online (and sent to your schools) usually by mid- to late April. Assuming you are taking the ACT your junior year of high school and have not yet finished your college applications, these scores should have ample time to get to your schools before any deadlines. The bulk of college application deadlines in the US are anywhere from mid-autumn to early winter, and this applies to early action/early decision deadlines, too. Worst case scenario, even if your April ACT scores aren't released until June and your colleges take one month to process your scores, you should still have more than enough time before any of your applications are due! Pros and Cons of Taking the April ACT Struggling to decide whether to take the April ACT? No matter what year you're thinking of taking it, here are some of the pros and cons to consider before you make your decision. Pros of Taking the April ACT Your scores are guaranteed to arrive to your schools in time- even for early action or early decision plans. As I mentioned above, the vast majority of April ACT scores should be reported within two weeks after the test date and by June at the latest. Luckily, all these time frames leave you with plenty of time to get your ACT scores to your colleges well before even the earliest of autumn deadlines. You can get the ACT out of the way before starting your college applications. If you take the April ACT as a junior (or even as a sophomore) and do well on it- meaning you don't need to retake it as a 12th grader- you'll have the entire summer and first semester of your senior year to focus entirely on college applications. You'll have at least one final shot to get the scores you want in the fall of your senior year. We normally recommend that students take the ACT two to three times in total: first in the fall of your junior year, second in the spring of your junior year, and third (if necessary) in the fall of your senior year. By taking the April ACT, even if your scores aren't where you want them to be, you'll have the entire summer and first semester of your senior year to study and prep for the September or October ACT. Cons of Taking the April ACT You'll have to study primarily during the school year. In order to do well on the April ACT, you'll have to study for the exam in the months leading up to it- that is, for most of your spring semester your junior (or sophomore) year. But this can be difficult to do, especially if you're also trying to study for AP exams (which are in May) and finals. If you think you'll get easily overwhelmed, or you're expecting to have tons of activities going on spring semester, consider taking the ACT on a different date. You might need to study during your spring break. Those planning to take the April ACT will likely have to spend the bulk of their spring breaks preparing for the exam (unless your spring break is after the test- if so, lucky you!). Although you don't need to dedicate your entire spring break to ACT prep, it's advisable that you spend as much time as you can studying, particularly if your break is right around test day. Sadly, this means you might not be able to enjoy your "time off" as much as you'd like to! Key Takeaways: Taking the ACT in April The next April ACT date will be on Saturday, April 4, 2020. Regardless of whether you're reading this guide before the April test date or way after it, you can still use this information to plan ahead and prepare for the next April ACT. April ACT scores are typically released starting 10 days after the test date. (If you registered for the Writing section, you'll get your essay score about two weeks after you get your multiple-choice and composite ACT scores.) Assuming you take the April ACT in your junior or sophomore year, your scores should have plenty of time to get to colleges prior to application deadlines. Before registering for the ACT in April, take time to consider whether you're OK with spending most of your spring semester and spring break preparing for the exam. If not, a different date might be a better option for you! What's Next? Need help deciding when to take the ACT? Learn when you should take the ACT for the first time, and get expert tips on how to find the best test date for you. For more information on when you can take the ACT, check out our detailed guide to this year's and future ACT test dates. Ready to ace the ACT? Then you'll love our 15 ACT tips and tricks guaranteed to improve your score. And don't forget about our comprehensive guide to getting a perfect ACT score- written by a 36 full scorer! Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

How to Manage and Identify Sourwood

How to Manage and Identify Sourwood Sourwood is a tree for all seasons and is found in the forest understory, along roadsides and a pioneering tree in clearings. A member of the heath family, Oxydendrum arboreum is primarily a hill country tree that has a range from Pennsylvania to the Gulf Coastal Plain. The leaves are dark, lustrous green and appear to weep or hang from the twigs while branches droop toward the ground. Branching patterns and persistent fruit give the tree an interesting look in the winter. Sourwood is one of the first trees to turn fall colors in the Eastern forest. By late August, it is common to see foliage of young sourwood trees along roadsides beginning to turn red. The fall color of sourwood is a striking red and orange and associated with blackgum and sassifras. It is an early summer bloomer and gives fresh flower color after most flowering plants have faded. These flowers also provide the nectar for bees and the very tasty and sought out sourwood honey. Specifics Scientific name: Oxydendrum arboreumPronunciation: ock-sih-DEN-drum ar-BORE-ee-umCommon name(s): Sourwood, Sorrel-TreeFamily: EricaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 9AOrigin: Native to North AmericaUses: recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; shade tree; specimen; no proven urban toleranceAvailability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree Special Uses Sourwood is occasionally used as an ornamental because of its brilliant fall color and mid-summer flowers. It is of little value as a timber species but the wood is heavy and is used locally for handles, firewood and in mixture with other species for pulp. Sourwood is important as a source of honey in some areas and sourwood honey is marketed locally. Description Sourwood usually grows as a pyramid or narrow oval with a more or less straight trunk at a height of 25 to 35 feet but can reach 50 to 60 feet tall with a spread of 25 to 30 feet. Occasionally young specimens have a more open spreading habit reminiscent of Redbud.Crown density: denseGrowth rate: slowTexture: medium Leaves Leaf arrangement: alternateLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: entire; serrulate; undulateLeaf shape: lanceolate; oblongLeaf venation: banchidodrome; pinnateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 4 to 8 inchesLeaf color: green Fall color: orange; red Fall characteristic: showy Trunk and Branches Trunk/bark/branches: droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; not particularly showy; should be grown with a single leader; no thornsPruning requirement: needs little pruning to develop a strong structureBreakage: resistantCurrent year twig color: green; reddishCurrent year twig thickness: medium; thin Pests and Diseases Pests are usually not a problem for Sourwood. Fall webworm can defoliate portions of the tree in summer and fall but usually control is not needed. As far as diseases, twig blight kills leaves at the branch tips. Trees in poor health seem to be more susceptible. Prune out infected branch tips and fertilize. Leaf spots can discolor some leaves but are not serious other than causing premature defoliation. Culture Light requirement: tree grows in part shade/part sun; tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; acidic; well-drainedDrought tolerance: moderateAerosol salt tolerance: moderate In Depth Sourwood grows slowly, adapts to sun or shade, and prefers a slightly acid, peaty loam. The tree transplants easily when young and from containers of any size. Sourwood grows well in confined soil spaces with good drainage making it a candidate for urban plantings but is largely untried as a street tree. It is reportedly sensitive to air pollution injury Irrigation is required during hot, dry weather to keep leaves on the tree. Reportedly not highly drought tolerant, but there are beautiful specimens in USDA hardiness zone 7 growing in the open sun in poor clay with no irrigation.

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Analysis - Case Study Example The Daubert vs. Marrel Dow Pharmaceutical Inc. ruling resolved the debate on admitting evidence in the court. As a result, the Daubert ruling is one of the most consequential decisions about the role of forensic evidence in the judicial process. The Daubert case involved a toxic tort case. The court heard that two boys, Jason Daubert and Erick Schuller were born with serious defects because of the negative effects of a drug made by Benedictin. The plaintiff believed that they had been affected because the mother had taken the anti-nausea drug Benedictin while she was pregnant. The two boys decided to sue the organization. The decision placed them among numerous people who were suing for damages. The case got into the public domain because of disputes over the introduction of expert testimony (Gostin & Milbank Memorial Fund, 2002). The ruling would not only affect the case but also determine how forensic evidence such as digital evidence would be allowed in the case. The Supreme Court accepted the case due to the realization that it needed to set the standard for the admissibility of forensic evidence. The major issue was whether the adoption of Federal Rules of Evidence should get more prominence than the Frye standard that had played a significant role in the case. The Supreme Court ruled that the F.R.E should receive more weight than the Frye standard (Coleman, Swenson, Holloway, & Aulinskas, 1994). The rule shifted power from the Frye test and gave the judge powers of determining which evidence should apply in the case. The ruling implied that judges could determine the admissibility of scientific evidence as opposed to only determining the credibility of a witness. An evaluation of the ruling demonstrates that four criteria should apply when determining the admissibility of evidence. Firstly, the court should consider if the theory or

The Problem Of Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Problem Of Planning - Essay Example In statistical terms, random sample means the set of items that are drawn from a large set of items (population) and it is the subset of the population. The method of sample satisfies the criterion of randomness, that is, each item has equal chance to be drawn or selected. The only factor an item to be selected is mere chance. But in order to ensure the equal chance to all items, once an item is selected, it should be replaced by the population. If the population consists of heterogeneous subgroups or different strata, it would be advisable to sample each subpopulation (stratum) separately. Stratification is the process of grouping members into relatively homogenous groups. The random sampling is applied within each stratum. This method of random sampling from different strata improves the representative nature of the sample by reducing the sampling error. The sample size is the number of observations that constitute the sample and it is normally represented by an integer (positive number). The sample size is determined by a number of factors like convenience, time, money and the purpose of the study. But in many cases, the decision of sample size becomes confusing. Though the published literature on this issue is not very much rich in comparison to its importance, there are articles and books which are concerning the sample size determination. Some of them are Kraemer and Thiemann (1987), Cohen (1988), Lipsey (1990), Shuster (1990), and Odeh and Fox (1991). Determining Sample Size is such an important issue that the reliability of the results mainly depends on this. The decision of how large would be a sample is so important that it enables the statistical judgments would be accurate and reliable. For this, the sample size should not be too small or too large.

The Twilight of the Golds for 3 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Twilight of the Golds for 3 questions - Essay Example In the movie Twilight of the Golds, the wife of Rob Stein, Suzzane experiences cognitive dissonance. This happens when her husband through laboratory tests finds that their unborn son could likely be gay. The husband tells her to abort, and she agrees to. However, after she converses with a gay colleague, and he suffers assault; she decides not to abort. The stress that arises from the assault of the colleague makes her reconsider her decision. On one hand, she would like to abort the baby to save her marriage while, on the other hand, she feels empathy towards her unborn child by likening it to her brother David and her gay colleague. Therefore, Suzzane wants the baby, but she does not want a homosexual baby. She says that she would have preferred if the baby were handicapped rather than homosexual. She uses this excuse to justify her decision to abort the baby. She also wants to keep the baby since it is her first pregnancy, and she wants to have a child. However, the fact that her husband is willing to leave her if she brings the unborn child to term makes her want to get rid of it. Suzzane is always at a crossroad and thus experience cognitive dissonance. She is trying to balance her life on all sides and to do, so she has to eliminate or repress a path of thought to make peace with herself, but in the end, she decides to have a baby. Rationalization is a defense mechanism that allows one to make up excuses or lies to oneself and others about a particular negative experience by trying to explain why things happened the way they did. It attempts to make reality fit into one’s emotions instead of perceiving it as it really is. This mechanism usually shifts the blame, shame, or embarrassment from the one experiencing it to an outside element say a person or a situation. For example, Rob Stein is a character in the movie who practices rationalization. First, he accepts to have to perform the experimental

Theories relating to the grief process

Theories relating to the grief process Most theories of grieving derive from the works of Sigmund Freud and Eric Lindemanns understanding of mourning and include two assumptions: A / Grieving is time limited. The process should be completed or resolved after a year or two. B / The main task of grieving is to achieve decathexis (one should detach oneself from emotional ties to the deceased so as to be able to form new relationships.). Horacek, (1991). There are two complex processes taking place within this topic that we call Grief. Firstly there is the emotional side (grief) and can take on many obvious and subtle forms. Secondly there is the process or grieving stage as it is more commonly indentified. It is within this second stage that the bereaved is called upon and to allow them selves to make a raft of choices and decisions such as the funeral arrangements or when at some point do they allow themselves to decide what to keep as mementos and what not to. Often these sides can become entwined into one and the bereaved may end up in a state of confusion and stagnant response. This may lead to a third state in which the bereaved becomes dysfunctional within their grief processing and literally becomes stuck in whatever position or state they are in and cannot allow themselves release from that state and to move forward. Grief does not exist within the world of death only. Grief may come from many physical and psychological changes that are totally unrelated to death. Loss of a limb; incapacitation of body use as a result of an accident; loss of a boyfriend or girlfriend; loss of a marriage; bankruptcy; loss of a personal business. I could list more but the point is to say that grief covers an extremely wide and complex area of understanding and acceptance. For the purposes of this essay, I will concentrate upon the subject of death and how does one handle the situations of that death. I will cover various models as they relate to a child (0 11) and to that of an adolescent. Then, we will look at those of an older person and also take into account the elderly. How do the various models of grief and the process of grieving change with age? Are there stages of recovery or is the recovery a process that may never be finally finished? Either way, grief and grieving is a personal experience and will vary among ages, culture and background. It would become too involved for the purpose of this topic to introduce culture and background, so I will therefore keep this essay to the more general form of models of grief and their relationship to those of age. Does a child have the capacity to experience grief and to mourn as do adults? Bowlby (1963), and Fusman (1964), sees a child as capable of suffering major bereavement particularly with a close family member and probably with other close significant losses as well. In that reference, there were no given age ranges so I will take the point of a child being of 0 11 yrs of age. Lindemanns seminal study in 1944 on the Symptomatology and Management of acute grief is similar to Freuds understanding. But how does that apply to a child? Whilst Bowlby recognised a similarity to Freuds point of view, he also recognised that a young child is capable of suffering major bereavement as mentioned. But these responses can come from many influences. Obviously, they are different to those of an adult but none the less they (adults) do have an influence upon the childs perception and response to their ability to handle grief and grieving. It is suggested that a child will copy to the best of their ability, the grieving patterns of their remaining significant parent or even that of an older sibling (Bowlby, 1980; Kubler-Ross, 1983; Schumacher, 1984). Other factors can also have an influence on the childs response such as the nature and intensity of their attachment to the deceased; their developmental level; the capacity to understand what has happened (the conceptualisation of death and what explanations are given to them); and the nature and circumstances of the death. It is reasonable to assume that a child can experience a bereavement response, probably in an attenuated form death of a grandparent, parent, uncle, teacher, playmate, family pet or even the loss of a favourite toy. Ambivalence and dependence are core themes of a childs relationship with family members and a childs grief may be influenced by this aspect of their attachment to the deceased. Childrens conception of death closely parallel Piagets (1952) successive levels of cognitive development (Berlinsky Biller, 1982). For example, during the sensorimotor period (birth 2yrs), the childs concept of death is non-existent or incomplete (Kane, 1979). Most workers agree that the younger childs response, particularly to the death of a parent, is likely to be indistinguishable from that of separation response. For a child of 2 or younger, they do not have the concepts of time, finality or of death itself but they may show, if for instance their mother dies, typical phases of denial, protest, despair, and eventually detachment (Kastenbaum, 1967; Berlinsky Biller, 1982). During Piagets pre occupational period (2 6yrs), a childs cognitive development is dominated by magical thinking and egocentrism. Consequentially at this stage, they believe that death can be either avoided or reversed (Melear, 1973; Anthony, 1971; Stillion Wass, 1979). Furman (1963) believes that from 2 2 Â ½ years onwards a child is able to conceptualise death to some degree and to mourn. Melear found that children within this age group viewed the dead as having feelings existing in a life like state. Because of their thinking, the child may feel responsible for causing the death and consequently feel shame and guilt. Progressively, through the period of concrete operations (6 7yrs through to 11 or 12 years), children begin to understand the reality of death but do not realise that death is universal and that those around them, including their loved ones, will die some day (Berlinskey Biller, 1982). Anthony, (1971) suggested that children conceptualise death in concrete terms and view death as distant from themselves. Gradually, from ages 9 or 10, children acquire a more mature understanding of death; that death is irreversible in nature and that they themselves will eventually experience it (Anthony, 1971; Melear, 1973; Stillion Wass, 1979). A child will experience the developmental nature of death associations which progress from no understanding toward an abstract and realistic understanding of the concept of death (McCown, 1988). Within the years of adolescence, the persons understanding of death and what has happened; closely approximates that of an adult and their grief may take on similar forms. But because they are in that realm halfway between childhood and adulthood, their responses may fit neither mould. If they cry, they may be accused of being babyish. Equally, if they dont, they may seem cold and uninvolved. With so many conflicting areas and so many stressful situations of this age group, they may neither express their emotions directly nor verbalise them. They may instead, act out within their personal environment, indicating their need for care, their anger, their guilt and their longing. Although privy to increased knowledge about death through instant communication and increasing exposure to death, adolescents do not have the social or emotional maturity to fully incorporate and process those experiences into a coherent world view (Rowling, 2002). Adolescents tend to be more extreme in their risk taking and it seems to be the closer to the edge that they go, the greater the thrill of cheating death. Living life to the fullest inherently has some risks. Consciously or otherwise, they may pursue this ambiguity more than others, due to their cognitive development and the need for excitement (Spear, 2000). Emotional reactions to a loss can be devastating to the adolescent, whether the loss is the perceived detachment from parents, actual losses that are literal deaths such as the suicide of a friend; or metaphorical deaths such as the breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend. Meshot Leitner (1993), have observed that the extent of grief is often much stronger in teenagers than in adults. There is evidence that adolescents are constantly grappling with life and death contrasts as a normal part of their development (Noppe Noppe, 1991). These years help to construct a personal stamp with their understanding of death as they are engaging in both life affirmation and death acknowledgement. They are questioning and assuming different belief systems regarding death and the after life prior to settling onto a more permanent value system as well as incorporating the very reality of personal mortality into their evolving sense of identity. Adolescent grief experience is profoundly personal in nature. Although they grieve more intensely than adults (Christ et al. 2002; Oltjenbruns, 1996), their grief may be expressed in short outbursts, or there may be concentrated efforts to control emotions. They can often believe that their experiences are completely unique unto themselves (Elkind, 1967). The adolescent grief pattern may follow a life long developmental trajectory. That is, the loss may be continued to be felt throughout their life span as they graduate from college, their work, marriage and so on. This can be accentuated as they grow older than the parent, sibling or friend who has died (Silverman, 2000). Adolescents are more sophisticated than children in their understanding and response to death, but neither is their mourning adult like. The overall nature of the adolescents response is intimately tied to their developmental issues. The consideration of ones own death, as part of the treads of the totality of the life cycle, cannot be a comfortable notion for an adolescent to accept. Creating a unified sense of identity must be reconciled with this consideration. Adolescents encounter this dilemma in the context of a system of values, philosophy of life and particular spiritual or religious beliefs. Sterling and Van Horn (1989) found that adolescents who were at the peak of their struggle with identity formation, had the highest levels of death anxiety. With regard to personal characteristics or the adolescent, self esteem was found to be important in adolescents response to loss. Balk (1990) and Hogan and Greenfield (1991) found that adolescents with lowered self concept scores s howed more problems with their grief. More adolescent males than females die suddenly and violently, via accidents, homicides and suicides (Corr et al., 2003). However, no one knows if, as a consequence, teenage males grieve more than females over the loss of their same sex best friend. Parallels between the socialization of males into hiding emotions, being independent and displaying aggressive behaviour when upset are reflected in adolescent males grief reactions (Adams, 2001). Bereaved adolescent girls may express more adjustment difficulties (Servaty Hayslip, 2001), but this may be consistent with the latitude afforded women to talk of their feelings. Reaching out to others seems to be easier for females than males (Noppe et al., 2003). As mentioned earlier and in closing of this section, the myriad of adolescent tasks serve as a framework for how the adolescent is affected by grief and their response to loss is intimately tied to their developmental issues. Adolescents do not grieve in the same way as do adults and their grief processes may be more intermittent, intense and overwhelming. We began this essay with the generally accepted theory of mourning from the work done by Freud and Lindemann as cited by Horacek (1991). Whilst Freud did not officially modify his theory, he did modify it in a letter written to Swiss psychiatrist Ludwig Binswanger in 1929. In this letter he reflected on the death of his daughter in 1920 from influenza and the death of his grandson in 1923. He stated that although we know that after such a loss the acute stage of mourning will subside, we also know we shall remain inconsolable and will never find a substitute. Freud realised that some losses can never be fully resolved and that grieving can continue indefinitely for such potentially high grief deaths such as the loss of a child or a grandchild. Gorer (1965), described eight styles of grieving that fall into three categories based on the length of the grieving process. The first category includes grieving styles that demonstrating little or no mourning, such as the denial of mourning, the absence of mourning, anticipatory grieving and hiding grief. The second category is time limited mourning, which includes a period of intense grief followed by a return to the pre grief status. His third category is unlimited mourning, a continuing grief that does not radically interfere radically with everyday living; mummification, in which the mourner makes a room or a whole house as a shrine for the deceased; and despair, a never ending, deeply painful process. Adults view death through the lens of wisdom gained through the myriad of life experiences associated with expanded interactions with different people, work settings and family relationships. Whilst studies on parental and sibling grieving challenge the assumption that grieving is time bounded and that decathexis can and should be accomplished. In his interviews of some 155 families, Knapp (1986, 1987), found six significant similarities in the way in which families responded to the deaths of their children. The sixth was what he called shadow grief, a lingering, emotional dullness of affect that continues indefinitely, indicating that grief such as this is never totally resolved. He called shadow grief a form of chronic grief that moderately inhibits normal activity, yet it is an abnormal form of mourning that it was quite normal, perhaps even routine. In support of this finding, Lund (1989) stated that there is considerable evidence that some aspects of bereavement and subsequent r eadjustments may continue throughout a persons life and it might be appropriate to question the use of conceptualizing grief as a process which culminates in resolution, because there may never be a full resolution. Though death separates the mourner from the deceased, a relationship with the deceased continues. It is largely agreed that particularly with adults and the more elderly, the bereaved should regain everyday functioning within a two to three year period, but, also, that grief may never come to an end and can still be considered normal. Fulton (1978), produced a model that began to reflect the complicated reality of the grieving process. He put forward that in a high grief situation, three sets of reactions can be delineated: 1. Initial reactions. These can include numbness, shock and disbelief. These reactions could last for days, weeks or even months. 2. Grief tasks. These reactions may include such tasks as dealing with anger, guilt, emptiness, depression, ambivalent relationships and life reviewing. Working through these tasks can take months or years and in some cases can continue indefinitely. 3. Adjusting to the loss and continuing grieving. In addition, this model recognises that the three sets of reactions overlap and can recur and that the mourner could deal with one specific grief task such as resolving excess guilt and then face another grief task months later. Most important, this model recognises that the basic loss does not disappear like a wound that heals in time, but rather that the loss continues like an amputation or dismemberment. Likening grieving to amputation denotes the mourner must continually adapt and adjust to the loss. Although the griever can reach a new everyday functioning status, the loss and its concomitant reactions, for example shadow grief, continue indefinitely. In final conclusion, both the grief and grieving process is complicated and has many variable aspects to how one deals with the bereavement. Probably the most obvious is that the ability to handle bereavement lies in the cognitive developmental stage of the bereaved. This is probably more pronounced within the child and adolescent stages of life due to the aspects already discussed earlier. It is also of note that the elderly are more likely to experience multiple losses, such as the deaths of a spouse, friends, or relatives or the loss of roles, health, or income, over relatively short periods of time. At the same time, many older grievers are quite resilient and exhibit strong and effective coping abilities (Lund, 1989). An aspect of grief that was only briefly touched upon, was that of anticipatory grief. Such would occur during the period of extended terminal illness. Whether this type of grief assists the survivor or not, has not been really established. In some cases it can lea d also to confusion and subsequently, to a dysfunctional grief. In dealing with and assisting the bereaved caregivers need to be aware of the need to adjust their understanding of the grieving process relative to the age, gender and the situation with which the bereaved is finding them selves. Grieving is a complex emotional and active process and there are no simple answers nor are there simple repairs.